High Terpene Full Spectrum Extract (HTFSE)

What is HTFSE?

High-Terpene Full-Spectrum Extracts — or HTFSE — may not be terms that rolls off the tongue, but these innovative and aromatic new concentrate types are taking the dabbing market by storm. In order to understand what HTFSE are, you must first understand what full-spectrum extracts are. Full-spectrum extracts contain a complete range of the marijuana strain’s original and medically-applicable chemical compounds such as cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids.

Full-spectrum extracts consist of two parts: HTFSE and high-cannabinoid full-spectrum extracts (HCFSE). HCFSE contain a high concentration of cannabinoids, but are lacking in terpene levels and aroma. Furthermore, HCFSE has a gritty and diamond-like consistency when extracted and separated alongside HTFSE. HTFSE contains higher-than-normal levels of terpenes and has a liquid and sauce-like consistency, which can be difficult to handle. HTFSE can contain about 50 percent cannabinoids and anywhere from 13 to 40 percent terpenes. Check out this full spectrum vape high voltage carts online.

It’s all about the trichomes

When extracting cannabis compounds from the plant, the main goal is to reap all of the available trichome glands without the undesirable plant matter that can taste harsh when dabbed. Concentrates that are darker in color may contain this unwanted plant material. Trichomes, however, are tiny botanical outgrowths that contain the strain’s unique cannabinoids, which include THC, CBD and other minor cannabinoids such as CBG, CBC and CBN. These minor cannabinoids also provide health benefits.

A full-spectrum extract takes out all of the cannabinoids including inactive compounds such as THCA and CBDA. These are the acidic precursors to their parent compounds, THC and CBD, respectively. THCA can be activated through decarboxylation, which can occur during cooking, dabbing, or smoking extracts. Capturing this diverse set of compounds is crucial to producing solid HTFSE.

How is HTFSE made?

HTFSE start off with high-quality cured, fresh or flash-frozen cannabis buds, which contain the highest levels of terpenes in the plant’s life cycle. Much of the HCFSE use harsh extraction processes that degrade terpenes in the plant. Because terpenes have lower boiling points than most cannabinoids, they are the first to degrade in high-temperature and pressure extraction equipment.

Modern-day manufacturers have perfected their solvent-based and closed-loop extraction processes to retain as much of the terpenes as possible. Extraction companies can use a variety of solvents such as butane, propane, or carbon dioxide to dissolve chemical compounds in the raw material. State-of-the-art extraction equipment utilizes low-temperatures to capture the fragile and aromatic compounds.

After extraction, the concentrate is left to naturally separate into its individual components, HTFSE and HCFSE. After the desired separation and cannabinoid crystal formation occurs, the solutions are purged to remove any leftover solvents. HTFSE may contain fewer cannabinoids than HCFSE, but users report a more complex and balanced experience compared to dabbing HCFSE.

HTFSE are flavorful and potent

Given that HTFSE contains fewer cannabinoids than HCFSE, why would anyone opt for terpene-rich extracts? Cannabis researchers believe that the entire range of cannabinoids, flavonoids and terpenes have a synergistic experience on the body’s endocannabinoid system. Extracts such as distillates tout high-cannabinoid levels, but lack the nuance of HTFSE.

Chemical compounds in cannabis have an “entourage effect” that can provide users with a new and possibly better experience. HTFSE retains the strain’s unique terpene composition, so that you can enjoy an unparalleled flavor and effect. Even with a lower cannabinoid potency, HTFSE may provide benefits to those who aren’t looking to experience intense psychoactive effects.

DELTA 8 CART LAST?

 The Elements Used

Delta-8 carts are manufactured using various elements to improve taste, effectiveness, and durability. However, these elements determine the Delta-8 cart’s durability. Consider vape carts with organic ingredients to avoid chemical reactions that would lessen their shelf-life. Confirming the elements before storing your Delta-8 cart for more than five months is always prudent.

Purity Levels

If you are concerned about the shelf-life of your delta-8 cart, its purity is an important factor to consider. It might not be wise to rely on the purity levels posted on the labels since they could be misleading. The most effective way of affirming the purity levels is by accessing the COA’s report. Avoid Delta-8 pens with chemical solvents and heavy metals since their reaction can make them go bad faster than you thought.

How To Store Your Delta-8 Cart Correctly

To make your delta 8 cart last long, store them in the following ways;

Away From Light

Most people store their Delta-8 carts near windows, which isn’t safe at all. Trofin et al. (2012) noted that too much light, especially from the sun, might heat your vape, degrading its quality, potency levels, and shelf-life. This also applies to artificial light. If you are storing your cart in the fridge, avoid keeping it near the door, especially if it is for frequent use. The safest place to store your Delta-8 vape cart is somewhere dark.

Keep It Away From Heat

Confirm that where you have stored, your Delta-8 cart is away from household electronics. As mentioned, exposing your cart to too much heat degrades its quality levels and shelf life. Heat shifts the chemical formulation of most elements. This also has an impact on the potency levels, as suggested by Weednews (2022).

Where To Keep Your Delta-8 Cart

Some of the safest places to store your carts are;

In Cool and Dry Places

Extreme temperatures affect the quality of your Delta-8 vape cart. Too much heat or extremely low temperatures leads to the deformation of chemical compounds. Keeping your Delta-8 cart in extremely cold and open conditions can attract mold. Besides, as noted easier, extremely hot conditions lead to chemical compound deformations, lowering effectiveness and potency levels or shelf-life.

Keep it Air Tight Containers

Ensure you close your vape cart after taking several hits. Benhaim (2003) concluded that leaving cannabis products open results in the interaction of the cart with oxygen. This results in oxidation which alters the chemical formulation lowering its shelf-life. Delta-8 carts have lids that should be tightly closed after each vaping lowering interaction with the air.

How Do I Determine The Best Delta-8 Cart?

If you wish to make Delta-8 effective for therapeutic or recreational use, there are various factors to consider while choosing the best. Some of the tips to use in the market are;

COA’s Report

Avoid Delta-8 vapes without COA’s report since they are likely to be contaminated. If you buy from the nearest store, always scan the QR codes on the packaging, ensuring you can access them. If the brand has made them accessible, check the following two things;

Potency Levels

Various hemp-based producers have been offering wrong potency levels on their labels. This puts their customers at a higher risk of overdosing on THC. The FDA has conflicted with such brands since they don’t consider customers’ safety. Avoid Delta-8 manufacturers that constantly receive warnings from the FDA since such brands are even likely to lie about the ingredients. As a result, you might abuse marijuana rather than take a hemp-based Delta-8 cart. If the potency variance exceeds 10%, avoid them.

Purity Levels

Delta-8 is likely to be contaminated at the extraction or processing stage. The most recommended method of obtaining THC crude oil from organic hemp is by CO2. Unlike ethanol exposing your extracts to chemical solvents, CO2 minimizes the chances of contamination of Delta-8 cart and the environment, as suggested by Todd Giuseppe (2022).

Although you might successfully extract THC without contamination, the processing stage is critical. Processing of Delta-8 vape juice involves chemicals and heavy metals that risk contamination. At this stage, chemical solvents and heavy metals can get into the products. You wouldn’t wish to consume either for your safety. To ensure you are avoiding them, always confirm the actual purity levels from the lab results.

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Wet Trimming Or Dry Trimming?

This basically refers to taking the time to remove all the fan leaves, smaller leaves, and cut each bud individually, before the flowers have had a chance to dry. Growers who enjoy being hands on early doors with trimming scissors and gloves will place the buds on a drying net to air out over a 10-14 day period.

This method is also an excellent way to obtain fresh frozen live resin plant material. As the buds have not dried, they will not have a chance to decarboxylate causing a much more unique terpene profile to reveal itself after being washed for bubble hash or pressed into rosin.

For those who hate the idea of cutting down each bud fresh and trimming straight after harvesting or simply have too many plants, dry trimming involves removing all the fan leaves and allowing the entire plant to hang for 10-14 days. Only once the buds are totally dry, then the removal of the sugar leaf surrounding the buds can begin.

When trimming dried plants, be sure to have a tray or sifting screen to collect the fallen trichomes. Unlike ice water hash, this pollen can be immediately smoked and not required to dry out.

Hand Trimming VS Machine Trimming

The traditional and best way to really clean up a flower to perfection. Of course not all commercial operations are able to hand trim their buds due to logistics and impracticality, in comparison to using machine trimmers, or other equipment such as trim bins.

Oftentimes frowned upon by true connoisseurs, using machine trimming can be a lifesaver when it comes to trimming large quantities in a short time. The buds may need a second clean up, however commercially they are extremely advantageous. Some may argue the buds lack that personal touch to a home grower can afford to do.

How Long Will The Buds Take To Dry?

If you are wet trimming and allowing the buds to air out, or have chosen to hang the entire plant, you will need to give a time frame of preferably 14 days. Smaller buds may be ready to be smoked, or cured after 10, however it is best to leave for 14 days in most cases.

The temperature of the dark drying room should be as close to 15 degrees Celsius as possible, with a humidity close to 50%. Grow tents are perfect for drying, or a makeshift drying room with air extraction will be fine.

What To Look For

• The flowers will have reduced in size, however will have a solid density to them.
• To touch they will be dry and have a loud aroma when handled.
• The twigs attached to the buds will be light colored and break easily.
• Any remaining smells of chlorophyll have completely gone.
• The buds are sticky but dry, and have not become lifeless and airy.

Curing Cannabis Flowers To Enhance Flavor, Aroma, And Effect

Curing cheese or ham adds value, flavor and brings out new levels, so the same is to be expected when curing Cannabis flowers. There is a misconception that curing is the same as storing, which is not true as curing is an oxidation process.

The principle behind keeping buds in an airtight glass jar or tub, and allowing the tub to be opened for 10 minutes each day is to cause buds to react with the air and as a result degrade from THC to CBD. The effects will be different and offer a much more physical effect bordering on narcotic and ultimate couch lock.

Conclusion

Learning about how each plant grows and finishes differently takes time and hours in the garden. Once you have a strain dialed in and know exactly when to flush, chop, and cure then you will be on your way to growing some of the best flavors possible. Like everything else, drying and curing is a learning process that can easily go wrong, so make sure you cover every angle before making the final chop. 

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Why Grow Using Regular Seeds?

There are many reasons a grower may choose to work with regular seeds, despite the practical advantages in terms of growing space, waste of nutrients and medium.

Breeding Projects

For those who have the desire to make your own custom genetic crosses, starting your own breeding project in the comfort of your own home is easily achievable. For this you will need to invest in regular seeds that will allow you to grow either male or female plants. It is a good idea to start with at least 10 seeds to allow for a much wider variation, and greater choice of male to females. Some seedlings may underperform and be discarded early on, however with 10 seedlings, there is a good potential desired ratio. Labeling your pots with numbers and strain names, will make life much easier when sorting through the different plants, especially when taking cuttings before flowering for preservation purposes.

Pre 98 Genetics

There are plenty of old school genetics that have stood the test of time, and due to the marketplace during that era, were never feminized. It was from around early 2000 onwards, when the advantages of feminized seeds were becoming commercially popular. Many cultivars that existed during the last 50 years are often preserved in regular seed form, either as a first generation or as a stable IBL. Back crossing or producing a new generation of cultivar should only be done with regular seeds, especially when in-breeding.

Advanced Phenotype Hunting

When investing the time and money into a large pheno hunt, it is better to work with regular seeds over-feminized seeds. During this process the male and female plants will need to be separated well before flowering. There will be some impracticalites associated with this method such as wasted hydro system space, use of nutrients, growing medium, dedicated space, and maintenance. Working with a large number of plants to select from will allow you to access the best looking plants, based on height, structure, internodal spacing, aroma, leaf pattern, and overall vigor.

There are also commercial advantages when flowers are sold with a dedicated number such as Gelato #33, Gelato #45, KM11, or O.G #18.

Finding A Mother

Working through a bunch of seeds and narrowing down the best female plants to one keeper, will reward you with the ultimate mother plant, and can often soften the blow of paying three figures for a pack of seeds in some cases. If you truly want to find the best of the best, using regular seeds will allow for the most genetic diversity.

Identifying Preflowers

When a Cannabis seedling has been left to grow for up to 5 weeks under 18/6, the plant will begin to exhibit very small preflowers. Typically these preflowers reveal themselves once flowering is induced, however it is possible to see which sex you have when knowing what to look for.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MALE PREFLOWERS

Male preflowers will look like a small cluster of green, oval-shaped growth. They will be noticeable between the internodal growth and can even look like a female preflower minus the pistil. By this point there is zero need to worry about male pollen sacs and cross pollination, and after several weeks, it will be evident if you have an abundance of tiny male preflowers forming.

CHARACTERISTICS OF FEMALE PREFLOWERS

Unlike the male preflower, the female will produce a tiny white hair known as a pistil. When you see the first white hair, this will indicate the plant is in fact female, and an abundance of pistils will emerge once flowering is induced. Sometimes there can be a very thin and narrow growth, similar to the tip of a blade of grass, that later pushes out a pistil.

Top Tips On Sexing Cannabis Plants

Make sure you are 100% confident that the plant in question is either male or female, prior to discarding from your garden. Male pollen sacs will not be encouraged to open until weeks 3-4 of 12/12, so take the time to be totally sure of your decision making ability.

The conversion rate of female to male plants will be usually around 60/40, so the more seeds you plant then the greater chance you have of finding the elite keeper male or female plants.

Use a magnifying glass or high-powered lens, to get up close and personal with your plants. This will make life much easier considering the flowers can be almost invisible to the naked eye at first.

Take at least one cutting off each plant if you have the space and time. Make sure that you label and number the clones accordingly to the same numbers from the original plants. Taking clones now will save you from reverting the plants back into a vegetative state once they have been harvested.

3 Advantages of Feminized Seeds

Using regular seeds have their own unique advantages, however it is also good to consider the benefits associated with female seeds.

100% of your growing space will be used, without the concern of having to remove 40% of the pots once you have sexed the plants. The same applies to the amount of wasted growing medium, nutrients, and light used when sexing regular seeds from a grow room.

There is a much greater variety of feminized seeds comparison to regular sexed varieties. Over 90% of the commercial marketplace accommodates for the production of all female seeds.

It is also possible to buy feminized autoflowering and CBD rich varieties. Both of these types of Cannabis plants have a huge following and allow a grower to adapt to their environment and needs much better.

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Cannabis Substrates

Cannabis plants have an amazing capacity to adapt to different growing mediums, which gives growers significant advantages, as they can be grown in diverse places using different types of substrates. Let's examine the different options for the medium your plants are grown in.

What is the substrate?

A substrate is a surface on which an organism is attached to or grows on. Soil is the typical substrate for growing plants, but as growers gain insights into increasing yields, substrates have evolved over time along with how we grow. 

Mother Nature's Soil

Soil is the typical substrate type for most non-marine plants grown on earth and used for centuries due to its natural convenience and widespread availability.

And while soil is the prevailing substrate, especially in outdoor grows, the cannabis plant is highly adaptive and shows an ability to grow in many types of substrates. Indoor grow operations are becoming an industry standard that provides an opportunity to experiment with different growing mediums to find the best solution for your grow operation. Looking for a wide range of OG strain seeds online like alien og seeds, og kush seeds and white fire og seeds.

Coco Peat

Obtained from coconut husk, coco peat is a 100% organic product that is quickly decomposable. Coconut substrate naturally contains Trichoderma, which prevents the spread of root fungus and encourages healthy plant growth. It's also appropriate for four growing cycles in succession, so there's no need to change substrates during the growth cycle.

Generally, plants grow healthier and faster in coco than in other mediums. Another advantage with coco is that it has superior drainage while also being ultra-absorbent – meaning your plants won't go thirsty – it does require more watering than with soil.

Rockwool

A lightweight hydroponic substrate, Rockwool, is made from forming molten basaltic rock into fine fibers. Once it's transformed into fibers, it's further manipulated and formed into blocks, cubes, growing slabs, and granular products.

Popular for germinating seeds because of their superior moisture retention, rockwool is excellent at keeping seeds or seedlings from drying out, but it doesn't allow them to sit in a saturated environment. Moisture is a determining factor in seed germination, and rockwool provides an excellent substrate for cannabis seeds. Many growers use rockwool for germinating seeds before planting them in soil or other substrates.

Clay Pebbles

Often referred to as hydroton, clay pebbles are a hydroponic substrate made up of small marble or peanut size balls made of clay. Useful in both hydroponic and aquaponic systems, hydrotons are excellent water absorbers, collecting excess water it stores for later use. It prevents roots from being damaged due to excess water, which can cause fungus. Typically clay pebbles are used as a base, supplementing other substrates, and can also be used as a standalone material. One of the benefits of clay pebbles is that they allow for thorough aeration, further preventing root rot.

Perlite

Perlite is a baked volcanic rock that provides an airy substrate with enhanced drainage capacity. Perlite is often mixed with soil to improve its structure as it's smaller than clay pebbles and improves soil aeration. It has a consistent quality, is germ-free, and presents an ideal water/air ratio for plants to thrive. 

After the baking and expanding process, horticultural perlite is separated into four categories based on the size of the particle: super coarse, coarse, medium, and fine grade. Super coarse perlite has a water holding capacity of 19%. And while its ability to hold water is impressive, the downside is that it requires an additional substrate (like soil) to be effective. Its small size and buoyancy cause it to float, and therefore it doesn't anchor plants well on its own.

Benefits of Crop Steering

What is crop steering?

Crop steering manipulates plant growth by modifying environmental factors and irrigation events to encourage coveted crop outcomes. Changing environmental factors and irrigation strategies allows growers to influence growth toward vegetative or generative stages. Different types of fan for grow tent that fits for indoor growing like wall fan and inline fan online.

The vegetative growth stage increases leaf and stem growth, while generative growth is the reproductive phase that develops fruits and flowers. 

Potential benefits of crop steering

The potential for crop steering to increase yields, save labor and nutrient costs, and enhance crop quality are notable reasons to research and implement a crop steering program. There's also the possibility to decrease energy and overall operations costs, but let's examine the most notable potential benefits of crop steering. 

Increased yields - By manipulating plant growth to optimize the development of specific growth phases, you encourage more prominent and robust buds, which, if done correctly, will increase yields.

Cost Savings - Labor costs may decrease by completely automating the process using a crop steering program (CSP). Another advantage in using a CSP is that precise, small dosing of nutrients means your plants only take up the number of nutrients they can process, potentially saving you money in expensive nutrients. 

Enhanced Terpene Production - Using a CSP, you'll be stacking buds towards the end of the cannabis plant growth cycle, and altering lighting can trigger an increase in trichome production of terpenes. By tricking the plant into a moderate stressor, it responds by increasing terpene production to protect it from excess UV light exposure. 

What is a Crop Steering Program (CSP)?

A crop steering program allows you to enter customized, ideal setpoints for your specific genetics, and the program will automatically trigger events to achieve the desired parameters. For irrigation, a sophisticated AI program analyzes your substrate sensors' real-time data and doses your plants accordingly, freeing up your time to take care of everything else.

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Crop Steering Program Features

Controlling environmental conditions and irrigation strategies to steer growth requires sophisticated software created by expert growers and engineers. Let's take a look at the features that make a CSP a worthwhile investment. 

Overnight Failsafe Protection - The program will constantly monitor your substrate and give it an emergency shot if it falls below your target overnight VWC% and will continue to maintain it at that percentage until the lights come on the following day.

Automatic Phase 1 Delay - If you run into an issue involving a temporary decrease in plant transpiration, it will manifest as a slower dry back than usual. Adjust your irrigation timers to accommodate this decrease in VWC % loss to prevent over-saturation. When the lights turn on, the program will automatically count down the additional dry back % you specify and delay your P1 ramp up timers until the set percentage has been satisfied. 

EC Adjustment - Substrates EC is crucial to crop steering successfully but can be challenging without changing the EC of your feeds throughout the day. By using the Crop Steering Program, you can specify your maintenance dry back %. 

What Is A Swisher?

A Swisher is a blunt made from your favorite strain of cannabis and a cleaned-out Swisher Sweets® cigarillo wrapper.

In their original form, Swishers are less like cigars and more like elongated cigarettes (hence the name “cigarillo,” which is Spanish for small cigar). The classic Swisher Sweets cigarillo measures in at around 4.375 inches long by a bit over 0.5 inches in diameter.

If you’re trying to get a sense of the size, pick up an unsharpened pencil and grip half of it in your closed fist. The uncovered part is roughly the length and diameter of the cigarillo you’ll use to learn how to roll a Swisher.

There are other Swisher sizes available, so, really, go with what feels right. As long as you’re using authentic Swisher Sweets to roll your blunt, you’ll be fine.

So you want to learn how to roll a Swisher, eh? Kudos!

Rolling weed into various packages is a skill that all cannaseurs should acquire. You just never know when you’re going to run out of the supplies you need to get your ganja on and have to improvise or MacGyver your way to your next high.

That’s where learning how to roll a Swisher comes into play — it’s just one more option in your marijuana toolbox. The grow shop online always have the best quality grow light and oscillating fan.

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